THE PRIMATES Wikispaces灵长类动物 wiki空间.pptVIP

THE PRIMATES Year 13 Biology Achievement standard 3.7 Terms Arboreal – Tree-dwelling Binocular Vision – ability to see 3D, depth perception and colour Prehensile – ability to grasp (hands, feet, tail) Quadrapedalism – walking on all four limbs Brachiation – use of arms to suspend body during feeding and to move the body by arm-swinging Bipedalism – walking on two legs (habitual) Hominid – Humans and their ancestors Hominoid – Group containing humans and apes Primate Groups Prosimians Arboreal or tree living Grasping hands and feet Long, mobile limbs Quadrapedal Binocular vision Upright sitting position Nails instead of claws Use scent marking to communicate – wet nose Primate Groups New World Monkeys (Americas) Prehensile or grasping tail – used as a 5th limb Quadrapedal Arboreal or tree living Nostrils wide apart E.g. spider monkey Primate Groups Old world monkeys (Africa and Asia) Tail not prehensile Quadrapedal Some are ground living Nostrils close together – reduced sense of smell E.g. Baboon Primate Groups Great Apes Some brachiating Mostly ground dwelling Quadrapedal Flattened nose Bony eye ridges E.g. Gibbon, Gorilla, chimp, Orangutan Primate Groups Hominids Bipedal Reduced canines and outer teeth Large cerebral cortex (forebrain) Eye ridges reduced, chin and nose protrude Very sensitive skin Reduced body hair Very complex social behaviour Evolution of Apes and Human (Hominoids) Primate Skull Features Sagittal Crest Cranial Vault Brow Ridge Heavy Malar Diastema Protruding Muzzle Large Canines Massive Molars Massive Jaw Foramen Magnum Zygomatic Arch Nuchal Crest General Ape Characteristics No tail Y-5 Pattern on teeth. Quadrupedal Semi or fully-erect posture Arms long in comparison with hind limbs Rib cage flattened from front to back Larger brains Upper lip free from gums Powerful canine teeth and large incisors Differences between Humans and Apes Main physical differences between quadrupedalism and bipedalism The Skull Teeth and Jaw The legs Th