THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE shsu科学的过程shsu.pptVIP

THE PROCESS OF SCIENCE Using the Scientific Method The Scientific MethodA logical, organized way of solving problems. Define the Problem Collect Background Information Form a Hypothesis Test the Hypothesis Make and Record Observations Draw a Conclusion Defining the Problem Collecting Background Information Identify the problem. Example: What are the effects of acid rain on salamanders? Collect information about the problem. Example: We should know the normal development of salamanders as well as the characteristics of areas that are affected by acid rain. FORMULATE A HYPOTHESIS An educated guess A proposed answer to the question or problem. A statement that can be tested TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS p.1/2 An experiment is a controlled procedure designed to test a hypothesis. In an experiment, one variable, or condition, is changed and the response of another variable is measured. THE EXPERIMENT p.2/2 Independent variable: the condition that is varied (or changed). Dependent variable: the condition that responds to the changes in the I.V. To be a controlled experiment, it must have two identical groups: Experimental group- the group that is exposed to the changes in the I.V. Control group- the group that is not exposed to changes. MAKING RECORDING OBSERVATIONS p. 1/4 Must keep careful records. Must state how the experiment was planned, carried out, materials equipment used, and how long it took. Must record all observations made. MAKING RECORDING OBSERVATIONS p.2/4 May include: drawings, tables, graphs, diagrams, written observations, photographs or even sound recordings. OBSERVATIONS VS. INFERENCES p.3/4 Observation- an examination of something in nature. Detected by any of the five senses. Inference- a judgement based on your observation. It is a personal opinion. DRAWING CONCLUSIONS p.1/2 The answer to a scientific question is formulated by drawing a conclusion based on data (scientific facts collected during the experiment) Statistics help form the conc