The Psychology of Survey Responses Implications for 调查反应的心理学意义.pptVIP

Nonresponse Error and Measurement Error Experiments Exploring the Relationship (or Lack Thereof) Between Nonresponse Error and Measurement Error Roger Tourangeau, SRC, JPSM Robert M. Groves, SRC, JPSM Stanley Presser, JPSM Chris Toppe, Points of Light Foundation Courtney Kennedy, MPSM Ting Yan, NORC Acknowledgement  The work reported here was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (SES 550385) to Roger Tourangeau and Robert Groves. We are grateful to NSF for its support and especially to Cheryl Eavey. The National Science Foundation is not responsible for the conclusions presented here. We thank Duston Pope for his contributions to the design, John LaFrance, and Mirta Galesic for their contributions to the studies discussed here study design. Outline of Talk Models of the relationship between nonresponse and measurement error Experiment 1: A study of volunteers and volunteering Experiment 2: Topic and sponsorship in a two phase web surveys Two additional studies Gain-loss framing and response propensities An experiment with voters and nonvoters Conclusions Models of the Nonresponse-Measurement Error Relationship Underlying model Model 1: Independence Model Nonresponse essentially motivational (interest in topic, altruism, low opportunity costs) Error largely cognitive (poor comprehensive of the items, memory difficulties, poor estimation strategies) Model 2: Reluctance Difficult to persuade respondents answer sloppily (Bollinger and David, 2001; Fricker 2006)—Common cause model Model 3: Topic Sensitivity Drug users and reports about drug use Model 4: Topic, Sponsor Effects Presentation of the survey request affects both who responds and how they respond “Framing” Effects Why should the description of the topic or sponsor effect the answers Rs give? Three mechanisms Construal: Description of the survey may affect how they interpret the questions (National Crime Survey vs. Nat