The Sociology of Education University of Minnesota 明尼苏达大学教育社会学.pptVIP

The Sociology of Education Chapter 4 Sociology A method for bringing social aspirations and fears into focus Forcing sharp and analytic questions about the societies and cultures in which people live Trying to uncover underlying patterns that give facts their larger meaning is the purpose of making social theories Reflective Practitioners Must know how major elements of society fit together Understand the relation between school and society Understand why students behave the way they do in and out of school Main Elements of the Sociology of Education Theories about the relation between school and society Whether schooling makes a major difference in individuals’ lives How schools influence social inequalities How school processes affect the lives of children, teachers, and other adults Four Interrelated Levels of Sociological Analysis The Societal level and its system of social stratification The Institutional level, including families, schools, churches etc. The Interpersonal level, including processes, symbols and interactions The Intrapsychic level, including individual’s thoughts, beliefs, values Individual Actions Determined by external forces (determinism) Freely shaped by individuals (voluntarism) Sociological perspective recognizes free will within the context of the power of external circumstances, often related to group differences within social stratification system Theoretical Perspectives Functional Theories…stresses the interdependence of the social system, how well the parts are integrated with each other Emile Durkheim…education in all societies of critical importance in creating moral unity, social cohesion, and harmony…moral values are the foundation of society Functionalists Assume that consensus is the normal state in society and conflict represents a breakdown of shared values Educational reform is to create structures, programs and curricula that are technically advanced, rational, and encourage social unity Conflict Theories Social order is