The Urinary System kohliscience泌尿系统kohliscience.pptVIP

THE URINARY SYSTEM The Problem – Nitrogenous Waste As proteins and nucleic acids are catabolized, nitrogenous wastes, including ammonia, are produced in all animals. NH3 (ammonia) is water-soluble, a strong base, and can change the pH of blood. It must be eliminated! From Beatrice the Biologist’s blog How is Waste Eliminated? Organs Kidneys – produce urine Ureters – transports urine to bladder Urinary bladder – stores urine Urethra – transports urine to exterior Functions Primary Functions: Eliminate metabolic wastes Regulate blood volume Regulate blood chemistry Secondary Functions: Metabolism of Vitamin D Production of renin Production of erythropoietin Kidney Structure - External Location: superior lumbar Adrenal glands Renal artery Renal vein Renal hilus Renal capsule Adipose capsule Kidney Structure – Internal Renal Cortex – superficial portion; urine formation Renal Columns – extensions of cortex Renal Medulla – deep to cortex Medullary pyramids – stripes are due to collecting ducts Kidney Structure - Internal Renal Pelvis – funnel shaped tube; continuous with ureter Calyces – cup-shaped extensions of the pelvis that enclose the tips of the pyramids Formed in the renal cortex Travels thru the collecting ducts in the renal medulla Drips out of collecting ducts into the minor calcyes Flows thru the major calyces Flows thru the renal pelvis Flows thru the ureter Flows thru and is stored in the urinary bladder Flows thru the urethra Internal Kidneys – The Nephron Glomerulus – blood pressure forces smaller molecules into Bowman’s Capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle – concentrates urine Descending loop Ascending loop Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct – transports urine to calyces Capillaries – recapture needed molecules Bowman’s Capsule Glomerulus High blood pressure in glomerulus causes nonselective, passive filtration Any product smaller than proteins are forced out of blood into capsu