TITLE IN ALL CAPS International Fund for Agricultural 在所有帽的标题国际农业基金.pptVIP

Poverty Condition of: ... hunger, inadequate income, lack of food security, lack of or insecure access to assets,with informal and formal access rules biased against the poor Lack of power and voice to: influence rules that determine access to productive assets (productivity of and returns to assets) influence the organizations that govern these rules Institutions Organizations are instrumental for empowerment of the poor: securing access to assets influencing the rules Rules (informal and formal) are crucial for access to assets: reduce uncertainty in exchange; define choice set; determine transaction costs, production costs, profitability and feasibility, provide incentive structure Institutions = organizations and rules of the game Institutions matter, particularly for rural people and women Institutions are political and socio-economic Policy Environment Liberalization Decentralization Globalization Empowerment, Freedoms Implications Markets become predominant institutions: private entrepreneurship and self-help are key drivers market oriented and inclusive institutional design (rules and organizations) critical mission for policy makers Governments play their role differently role (focus on policy, disengagement from direct economic activities, public goods), and structure (decentralization) Organizations of the poor: play different role: access to markets, assets play the role differently: influence rules, enforcement of rules nature of the organizations: demand, the poor as citizens structure of the organizations: voice, participation Institutional transformation matters (dysfunctional institutions) Access to Common Property Resources: Oxbow Lakes in Bangladesh Access to Water: WUAs Access to Technology: Extension Access to Financial Services Conclusion Inclusive institutions enable poverty reduction, within growth Secure access to assets determined by rules Organizational diagnosis, design and transformation is critical to influence rules: incl