UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION Akademik Ciamik 2010通用的预防措施的ciamik 2010.pptVIP

STANDARD PRECAUTION Prof. Dr. Ida Parwati, PhD. Department of Clinical Pathology Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Faculty of Medicine - Unpad DEFINITION Standard Precautions Previously known by various names including “universal precautions” Standard precautions are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources to a susceptible host. They are the basic level of infection control precaution Hospital Infection is the result of a combination of factors: Microbial source + Transmission + Susceptible host = Infection History of Infection Control Precautions Year Infection Control Precautions 1877,1910 Separates facilities, Antisepsis and disinfections ... etc 1985 UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS (guidelines for protecting healthcare worker because the emergence of HIV other bloodborne pathogens) 1987 BODY SUBSTANCE ISOLATION ( focused on protecting patients and health personnel from all moist body fluids not just blood: semen, vaginal secretions, wound drainage, sputum, saliva etc 1996 STANDARD PRECAUTIONS:Two level approach: Standar Precautions which apply to all clients and patients attending healthcare facilities Transmission-based Precautions which apply only to hospitalized patients 2007 ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS (new pathogens; SARS, Avian Influenzae H5N1, H1N1) Standard precautions Transmission-based precautions Universal precautions Body substance isolation Airborne precautions Droplet precautions Contact precaution Key Elements of Standard Precautions Hand hygiene Gloves Mask, gogles, face masks Gown Prevention of needle stick injuries from sharp instruments Respiratory hygiene cough etiquette Environmental cleaning Linens Waste disposal Patient care equipment WHO, 2007 PPE Definitions of Hand hygiene Hand-washing Washing hands with plain soap and water Antiseptic hand-wash Washing hands with water and soap or other detergents