UNIX Foundations Your EducationUNIX的基础你的教育.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Interrupt handling Synchronization UNIX is re-entrant UNIX is non-preemptive, keeping the kernel states consistent. Relinquish CPU voluntarily. Blocking Operations Blocks the process (make it sleep). Lock: a single bit flag wanted(flag): sleep(): wake(): wake all the waiting processes. upon waking up: check once again to make sure. Algorithm for resource locking Blocking Interrupts Blocking interrupts while accessing critical sections. int x = splbio();/* raise ipl*/ modify disk buffer cache; splx(x); /*restore ipl*/ Critical region:few brief. Blocked interrupts may access the critical region. Different interrupts may have the same ipl Blocking an interrupt may block others. UNIX Process Implementation New Processes Programs fork: creates a new process. returns 0 to the child, PID to the parent exec: begins to execute a new program Using fork exec if ((result = fork()==0){ /* child code*/ … … if (execve(“new program”),…)0) perror(“execve failed!”); } else if (result0) { perror(“fork”);/*fork failed*/ } /*parent continures here*/ Shell creating a process A highly simplified shell The ls Command Steps in executing the command ls typed to the shell Process Creation Almost an exact clone of the parent. Reserve swap space for the child Allocate a new PID and proc structure for the child Initialize proc structure Allocate address translation map (ATM) Allocate u area and copy Update the u area to refer to the new ATM Swap space Add the child to the set of processes sharing the text region of the program Duplicate the parent’s data and stack regions update ATM to refer to these new pages. Acquire references to shared resources in