Using POCS Method of ProblemSolving采用POCS方法解决问题.pptVIP

Michael L. Farris Psy 101 CHAPTER 3 (Sensation and Perception) Michael L. Farris Psychology 101 Subliminal Persuasion Famous Attempt at Subliminal Advertising: New Jersey theater “Eat Popcorn” “Drink Coca-Cola” Words appeared for 1/3000 of a second every 5 seconds At that speed, they were below the normal threshold for awareness. During the 6 weeks the messages ran, the firm claimed increases in popcorn and Coca-Cola sales. What do you think? Did the sales increase because of the subliminal messages, or something else? Please see pages 108, 117 118 in your text for more information. Backmasking In another uproar over subliminal perception, critics charged that spoken messages recorded backward (called “backmasking”) in rock music are perceived unconsciously by listeners. Queen (Another One Bites the Dust) The Beatles (White Album) Experiment: Vokey and Read recorded a variety of sentences backward, including selections from Lewis Carrol’s “Jabberwocky” and the 23rd Psalm from the Bible. Their tests clearly showed that the backward sentences were not recognized. Still, shopping malls sometimes use subliminal messages embedded in the music (“Don’t Steal”, “Buy More”, Orange Julius Rules”) Conclusion: There is little evidence that subliminal messages greatly influence behavior. P.118. Sensitivity Sensation: The incoming flow of information from the environment. P.84. Perception: The process by which the brain organizes sensations into meaningful patterns or representations of the world. (p.106) Hearing is much more sensitive than taste A voice or musical instrument that is off pitch 1/3 of 1% will be noticeable. For taste, a 20% change is necessary to produce a JUST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE (p.84). If a cup of coffee has 5 teaspoons of sugar in it, 1 more (1/5 of 5) must be added before you would notice an increase in sweetness. Just Noticeable Difference: Any noticeable difference in a stimulus. Absolute Threshold: The minimum amount of