Vitamins Minerals Sam Houston State University维生素和矿物质山姆·休斯敦州立大学.pptVIP

Vitamins Minerals Functions in livestock feeding Vitamin Facts Vitamins are essential organic nutrients, required in small amounts. They cannot be synthesized by the body. Must be obtained by outside sources like diet, rumen bacteria sun. Required for growth, maintenance, reproduction and lactation. Classes of Vitamins Fat Soluble Vitamins: stored in tissues Examples A D E K Water Soluble Vitamins: not stored in tissues, must have constant supply Examples B, B1, B2, B6 B12 Niacin Folic Acid C Function, Deficiency Signs Sources Vitamin A Function: development healthy skin and nerve tissue. Aids in building up resistance to infection. Functions in eyesight and bone formation. ALL ANIMALS require a source of Vitamin A. It is important in the ration of pregnant females. Deficiency signs: retarded growth in the young, the development of a peculiar condition around the eyes known as Xerophthalmia, night blindness and reproductive disorders. Sources: whole milk, carotene, animal body oils (cod fish and tuna), legume forages and can be synthetically produced. Vitamin E Function: normal reproduction. Deficiency signs: poor growth, crazy chick disease, Muscular Dystrophy, white muscle disease in ruminants and swine and stiff lamb disease (affects the nerves and muscles). Sources: synthetic for poultry and swine, cereal grains and wheat germ oil, green forages, protein concentrates, oil seeds (peanut and soybean oil). Vitamin E rapidly destroyed in rancid or spoiled fats. That is why these may cause white muscle disease. Utilization of Vitamin E is dependent on adequate selenium. Vitamin D Function: is essential for the proper utilization of calcium and phosphorus to produce normal, healthy bones. Deficiency signs: retarded growth, misshapen bones (rickets), lameness and osteoporosis. Sources: Whole milk, sun-cured hays, forage crops, fish liver oils, irradiated yeast. Vitamin K Function: necessary for the maintenance of normal