War, Glory, and Decline战争荣耀与衰落.pptVIP

Persian Empire v. United Greece ~ 27 years long 546 B.C.E. Persian conquered the Greek city-state of Ionia 499 B.C.E. The Ionians revolted against the Persians ? Even with aid from mainland Greece the revolt was unsuccessful ? Darius I, King of Persia, wished to punish mainland Greeks for aiding the rebels The Athenians (10,000 men) defeat the Persians (20,000 men) who lost 6,400 in the altercation compared with the Greeks who lost only 192 Seen as a huge victory for the Athenians 480 B.C.E. Xerxes, Darius’s son, invaded Greece with 200,000 men Greeks, led by Themistocles, wished to engage the Persians by sea To allow for the naval encounter the Greeks had to delay the Persians coming from the North ? Thermopylae King Leonidus, of Sparta, delayed the Persians at Thermopylae for 3 days ? betrayed? surrounded (300) Law of Sparta- Never surrender on the battlefield, but fight until victory or death Themistocles drew the Persian fleet into the straight of Salamis Large Persian ships were sitting ducks for the lighter and faster Greek ships 479 B.C.E Persians retreated to Asia Minor again Most achievements in the arts and science took place during this time Pericles in Charge Pericles rebuilt Athens (447 B.C.E. ? Parthenon) Simple Homes – two main rooms and several smaller rooms that are built around a court yard Dining Room- Entertainment and Eating Wool Room- Women spun and wove cloth Courtyard- Alter, Wash Basin, and sometimes a well Chickens and Goats Men- Morning: Worked as farmers, artisans, or merchant Afternoon: Attended assembly Exercising at the gymnasium Entertainment: Symposium- drinking session following a banquet Slaves- foreigners and prisoners of war 1/3 of population craft productions and mining teachers and household servants Women- spent day cooking and making wool clothes Poor- sold food and weaved cloth The Persian threat remained Athens convinced most Greek city-states