What is an Evolutionary Algorithm cs什么是进化算法政务司司长.vu.nl.pptVIP

What is an Evolutionary Algorithm? Chapter 2 Contents Recap of Evolutionary Metaphor Basic scheme of an EA Basic Components: Representation / Evaluation / Population / Parent Selection / Recombination / Mutation / Survivor Selection / Termination Examples : eight queens / knapsack Typical behaviours of EAs EC in context of global optimisation Recap of EC metaphor A population of individuals exists in an environment with limited resources Competition for those resources causes selection of those fitter individuals that are better adapted to the environment These individuals act as seeds for the generation of new individuals through recombination and mutation The new individuals have their fitness evaluated and compete (possibly also with parents) for survival. Over time Natural selection causes a rise in the fitness of the population Recap 2: EAs fall into the category of “generate and test” algorithms They are stochastic, population-based algorithms Variation operators (recombination and mutation) create the necessary diversity and thereby facilitate novelty Selection reduces diversity and acts as a force pushing quality General Scheme of EAs Pseudo-code for typical EA What are the different types of EAs Historically different flavours of EAs have been associated with different representations Binary strings : Genetic Algorithms Real-valued vectors : Evolution Strategies Finite state Machines: Evolutionary Programming LISP trees: Genetic Programming These differences are largely irrelevant, best strategy choose representation to suit problem choose variation operators to suit representation Selection operators only use fitness and so are independent of representation Representations Candidate solutions (individuals) exist in phenotype space They are encoded in chromosomes, which exist in genotype space Encoding : phenotype= genotype (not necessarily one to one) Decoding : genotype= phenotype (must be one to one) Chromosomes contain genes, which are in (usually f