What’s in a Name The Rise of Alternative Farming在一个名称中替代农业的兴起.pptVIP

What’s in a Name?The Rise of Alternative Farming Local Food, Market Gardening, Niche Farming, Organic Farming—different, and yet oh so similar The concepts of local food, market gardening, and niche farming are often viewed interchangeably, while all are often confused with organic farming. Why? Might it just be because they are parts of a whole? Just a Bit of Background We tend to forget that once upon a time most farms were market farms, and most food was local food Change was generated by advances in food preservation and transportation, and continued by a fundamental restructuring of the nature of the farm through the first half of the 20th century For the consumer the result was cheaper, more plentiful and more varied food choices purchased from grocery stores. For the farm economy the result intense price competition and mechanization, consolidation, and crop simplification Background continued By the mid-1900s most farm markets were gone, home delivery of local produce basically disappeared, Americans fully accepted grocery store beef and pork, and the revolution in chicken raising was soon to spell the doom of local chicken. In short, the structure needed to support market-oriented farming was all but gone. Florin remembers his childhood Organic Farming Change, and the rebirth of market gardening, began with the emerging interest in organic farming in the 1950s—the roots were in the incipient concern for environmental degradation and food adulteration. First often viewed as fringe, weird, maybe even a communist activity Rodale Institute By the 1970s private sector organic certification became widespread During the 1990s the US developed federal legislation on organic certification Organic Farming Explosion The organic market has been growing by 15-20% annually—8-10 times the rate for all foods Now accounts for nearly 2% of all food sales Can now buy organic foods in nearly 3/4s of all grocery stores Wal Mart entering the market Organic Farming Issues B