无损检测专业英语教学课件ppt作者晏荣明unit9DiscontinuityInterpretationandEvaluation课件.pptVIP

9.1 Discontinuity Category There are four broad categories for discontinuities: inherent discontinuities, primary processing discontinuities, secondary processing discontinuities, in service discontinuities. 不连续性分成四大类： 固有不连续性 初次加工不连续性 二次加工不连续性 在役不连续性 9.1 Discontinuity Category9.1.1 Inherent Discontinuities Discontinuities formed during this process include pipe, nonmetallic inclusions, blowholes, ingot cracks, cold shuts, hot tears, porosity and segregation. 这个过程中形成的不连续性包括缩管、非金属夹杂、铸孔、铸裂、冷隔、热裂、气孔和偏析。 9.1 Discontinuity Category9.1.2 Primary processing Discontinuities The primary processes considered here include the hot working and cold working methods of producing shapes such as plate, bar, rod, wire, tubing and pipe. Laminations in plate, sheet and strip are formed when blowholes or internal cracks are not fused shut during rolling but are flattened and enlarged. 这里所考虑的初次加工包括热加工和冷加工方法，这些加工方法生产板材、棒材、杆材、线材、管道和管材。 在制造板材、薄板和带材的过程中，铸孔或内部裂纹没能融合，而是被压扁了并扩大了，便形成分层。 9.1 Discontinuity Category9.1.2 Primary processing Discontinuities Cooling cracks Bar stock is hot rolled and then placed on a bed or cooling table and allowed to reach room temperature. During cooling , thermal stresses may be set up by uneven rates of temperature change within the material .These stresses can be sufficient for generating cracks. 冷裂纹 棒材的加工是在热轧后放置在冷却台上冷却到室温。在冷却过程中，材料内温度的变化速度不均匀，就会在材料内形成热应力。这些热应力达到一定程度就会产生裂纹。 9.1 Discontinuity Category9.1.3 Secondary processing Discontinuities These secondary processing operations involve taking products that have been forged, cast, extruded, or made by another primary processing method and performing finishing operations such as machining, heat treat and grinding. 二次加工就是将已经经过锻造、铸造、拉伸或其他初次加工方法加工过的工件进行机加工、热处理和研磨等精加工。 9.1 Discontinuity Category9.1.3 Secondary processing Discontinuities Heat treating cracks One type of crack is the quench crack that is formed when the heated part is cooled too rapidly by quenching it in a cooling m