英语词汇学chapter4课件.ppt

English Lexicology Chapter 4 Word formation II This chapter discusses in detail the various means of word formation: three major means of word formation, namely affixation, compounding, conversion and five minor ones, namely, blending, clipping, acronymy, back-formation, words from proper names. It also describes the characteristics of compounds. Main Points 1.Affixation Prefixation: 9 classes of prefixes Suffixation: 4 classes of suffixes Characteristics of prefixes and suffixes 2.Compounding 1) Characteristics of compounding Phonological feature Semantic feature Grammatical feature 2)Formation of compounds Compound nouns Compound adjectives Compound verbs 3. Conversion Conversion to nouns Conversion to verbs 4. Blending: 4 patterns 5. Clipping: 4 patterns 6. Acronymy Initialisms Acronyms 7. Back-formation: 4 types of words 8. Words from proper names Names of people Names of places Names of books Tradenames According to Pyles Algeo(1982) 4.1 Affixation or Derivation (词缀法) Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation. The words formed in this way are called derivatives（派生词). According to the positions of affixes in words, affixation can be classified into two types: prefixation and suffixation. Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning. ? (characteristic) Classification of prefixes on a semantic basis: 1)Negative prefixes: 表示否定的前缀 2)Reversative prefixes 逆反前缀 3)Pejorative prefixes 贬义前缀 4)Prefixes of degree or size 程度大小 5)Prefixes of orientation and attitude 6)Locative prefixes 方位前缀 7)Prefixes of time and order表示时间，顺序前缀 8)Number prefixes 数字前缀 9)Miscellane