Taming Chaos.pptVIP

GEM2505M The Game of Life Lecture 5 Simple Rules. Amazing Dynamics! Is life a game?  The Game of Life Puffers: Spaceships that leave a trail Example of a puffer Noah’s Ark The first ever puffer – discovered again by Bill Gosper * GEM2505M * Frederick H. Willeboordse frederik@chaos.nus.edu.sg Taming Chaos Today’s Lecture Pascal’s Triangle Revisited Cellular Automata The Game of Life Pascal’s Triangle revisited Previously, we had seen how Pascal’s triangle relates to the Sierpinski gasket. How can we build up the graph systematically? Since we color even coefficients white and the uneven ones black, a start would be to obtain an expression for all the coefficients. Pascal’s Triangle revisited Pascal’s Triangle With some puzzling, one can find that the coefficients are given by: with Pascal’s Triangle revisited Hence we can introduce a coordinate system where n = 0,1,2, .. is the row index and k = 0,1,2, …. The column index. Then the coefficient with coordinates (n,k) is and we can immediately determine whether that’s even or not That’s excellent. Unfortunately, n! becomes very big very rapidly! Pascal’s Triangle revisited The problem can be alleviated a bit by recalling the way the triangle was constructed (a new coefficient is obtained by adding the coefficients to the left and right in the row above). Using this relationship, we can compute the coefficients without the factorials.But, again even the coefficients become very large very rapidly ….. Pascal’s Triangle revisited Fortunately, we do not need the actual values of the coefficients at all. We only need to know whether they are even or odd. If we examine the addition rule: We can see that even and uneven coefficients are simply generated by this set of rules. Pascal’s Triangle revisited This may look familiar to you if you like Wittgenstein or Computers (or both). It describes a logical XOR XOR Pascal’s Triangle revisited This now allows us to construct the Pascal’s triangle derived Sierpinski gask