Using Nonlinear Dynamics to Understand How Fluids Mix.pptVIP

Jerry Gollub – Lecture #4 – Using Nonlinear Dynamics to Understand How Fluids Mix Mixing in fluids is a widespread and important process. Chaotic dynamics can help to understand mixing. Until recently, this connection has been hard to make because of experimental limitations. Now it is possible to measure the stretching process that allows the connection between chaos and mixing to be understood deeply. Collaborators Types of Fluid Mixing Turbulent mixing: Random structures produced by fluid instability at high Reynolds number Re stretch and fold fluid elements. Chaotic mixing: Some laminar flows at modest Re can produce complex distributions of material. Fundamental process (for both): repeated stretching and folding of fluid elements, which causes nearby points to separate from each other irreversibly. Aref’s Blinking Vortex Flow – Mixing without turbulence 2D Magnetically Driven Fluid Layer – (same for mixing and reaction studies) Mixing of a Dye Precise Particle Tracking Outline Measuring velocity fields (time-periodic) Mappings Fixed points of the mappings Hamiltonian chaos Stretching fields Using stretching to understand mixing Extending the work: viscoelastic fluids Using stretching to predict reaction progress Teaching about fluids and nonlinear dynamics Velocity Fields Why Do Periodic Flows Mix? Breaking Time Reversal Symmetry To mix, the flow can be time periodic, but must not be time reversible: relative to any starting time. Finite Reynolds number Re=VL/n can break time reversal symmetry: Particle Displacement Map: Unmixed Islands (Re=20, p=0.7) Particle Displacement Map at Higher Re Manifolds of Hyperbolic Fixed Points Hamiltonian Chaos Why does mixing look like Hamiltonian chaos? Pendulum Phase Plane – a simple hamiltonian system showing elliptic and hyperbolic points Manifolds and Stretching Fields The stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic fixed points form the building blocks of chaos. These manifolds have been hard to