2016-2017学年高中英语Unit21HumanBiologySectionⅥGrammar条件句和混合条件句课件北师大版选修7.pptVIP

Section Ⅵ　Grammar 条件句和混合条件句 在英语中，我们一般把条件句分为两种，即真实条件句和非真实条件句。非真实条件句亦可称为虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。 一、if引导的虚拟条件句 If I were a bird，I could fly. 如果我是一只鸟的话，我就能飞了。 If we had started earlier，we would not have missed the train. 如果我们早点出发，就不会错过这列火车了。 If he shouldn’t come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday. 要是他明天来不了，我们将把会议推迟到下周一。 二、混合虚拟条件句 在虚拟语气中，虚拟条件句与主句所指的时间不一致(如一个是过去的，一个是现在的)，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式需要根据具体的时间来调整，从而构成混合虚拟条件句，即错综时间条件句。该句式中不仅仅存在时间的不同，更重要的是事实和假设的混合，其基本用法如下： 1．想象的过去事件可能对现在或将来有影响 If you had taken his advice then，you would be better now. 如果你当时听取了他的建议，你现在会好些。 If you hadn’t watched TV late last night，you wouldn’t be so sleepy now. 如果你昨晚看电视不看到那么晚，你现在就不会这么困倦。 If I had spoken to him yesterday，I should know what to do now. 假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。 If I had studied hard，I would be studying in college now. 如果我努力学习的话，我现在就在大学里学习了。 If he hadn’t left for Shanghai，he would be helping me now. 如果他不去上海的话，他现在就帮助我了。 If you had not given me a lift，I would be walking in the rain now. 如果你不让我搭车，我现在还冒雨走着呢。 3．想象中的现在状态可能对过去有影响 If I were you，I would have gone to watch the Expo then. 如果我是你，当时我就去看世博会了。 If she didn’t speak a few languages，she wouldn’t have got that job.如果她不会说几种语言，她就不能得到那份工作了。 三、虚拟条件句的特殊用法 1．省掉if的条件从句结构：若条件句把if省略，则需要把were，had，should放在主语前，形成部分倒装结构。 Had you taken my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. ＝If you had taken my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. 如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。 2.含蓄虚拟条件句：有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词、定语从句、短语或上下文暗示(常见without，but for，otherwise，or等表达)，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。 I was busy that day，otherwise I would have gone there with them. ＝If I hadn’t been busy that day，I would have gone there with them. 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。 Without electricity (＝If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today. 如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。 But for your help (＝If it had not been your help)，it would have caused a serious loss.要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。 A true friend would not do such a thing.(＝If he were a true friend，h