grampositivecocci.docVIP

Gram Positive Cocci Treatment Characteristics Associated Disease(s) Pathogenesis Treatment Staphylococcus aureus Gram + cocci in clusters,immotile human skin and nares,body walls off infection w/a fibrinous barrier; S. aureus causes pus formation.? Invasive: suppurative skin infections: minor trauma ? pimples ,carbuncles, impetigo; major? osteomyelitis, fasciitis, cellulitis. hematogenous inf., nosocomial infection. Toxinoses: Food Poisoning (enterotoxin), exfoliative skin disease (Ritter’s disease of newborns), TSS Multifactorial; secrete 4 hemolysins that lyse cells; ?-hemolysin lyses cell similar to pore form. by complement, also:coagulase +, exfoliatin. Protein A is a surface molecule that binds IgG to camouflage the bacterium.? Also able to respond to env. w/signal molecule. penicillin vancomycin [erythromycin]? (Many strains are multi-abx resistant. and make ?-lactamase) Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram + cocci in clusters, human skin (always), Opportunistic infections, large number of nosocomial infections: bacteremia, endocarditis, endophthalmitis, osteomyelitis (following surgery), infections of indwelling foreign devices, neonatal necrotizing enterocoloitis. Coagulase negative ? Staphylococcus saprophyticus Gram + cocci in clusters, skin/genitourinary tract Infections outside of hospital, causes 20% of all urinary tract infections in young women. Coagulase negative ? Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A, ?-hemolytic) Gram + cocci in chains, catalase neg., Group A causes most strep disease, asymptomatic carriers, causes suppurative infections. Suppurative: Pharyngitis, Scarlet Fever, erysipelas, streptococcal pyoderma (impetigo). Non-suppurative: Acute Rheumatic Fever, Acute Glomerulonephritis. Surface molecules confer adherence to tissues and resistance to phagocytosis. M-protein(prevents phag.), Protein F (adherence-fibronectin), Fc receptor (like Prt.A), C5a peptidase, etc. Secreted exotoxins: erythrogenic toxin, Streptolysin S, Streptolysin O, Streptoki