定语从句全部版.docVIP

高 中 英 语 定 语 从 句一．定语从句及相关术语 ： 1. 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰名词、代词或句子。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 2. 定语从句在整个句子中的作用相当于形容词，所以又被称为形容词性从句。 3. 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which，as等。 关系副词有：when, where, why，that，as等。 4. 关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句 2）代替先行词 3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 5.定语从句包括限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。．关系代词引导定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是指人或物的名词或代词；关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系代词： 在从句中所充当的成分 who??? (人 )????????? 主 宾 表 whom? (人 )??????? ?? ?宾 which? (物? )???????? ?主 宾 表 that??? (人或物? )???? ? 主 宾 表 as???? (人或物? )????? 主 宾 表 whose? (人或物 )?????? 定 1． who, whom, that. 这些词代替的先行词都是指人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. （whom/that在从句中作宾语） 注： who和that指代人时的特殊用法： 1）. 当先行词是those时指代人时，只能用who不能用that的情况： Eg: Those （who are going to abroad) must get the permission of the government. 2）. 以who提出的特殊疑问句中的定语从句，只能用关系代词that二不能用who。 Eg: Who is the teacher that you visited last night?2 .whose实际上是先行词的所有格，，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. ?Please pass me the book whose cover is green.3. 指物： that，which EGuilin is a city that/which has a history of 2,000 years. (which / that在从句中作主语） The book (which / that) you bought yesterday is wonderful. (which / that在从句中作宾语） My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be. (that在从句中作表语） 注: that 与which的特殊用法 一. 指代物时,只能用that不能用which的情况： 1)先行词为all, much, few, any, little，none, the one, something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. We don’t think there is anything difficult in our life that could prevent us from learning English well. 2)先行词被the only, the very，the just修饰时，只用that。 This is the very book that I am looking for. 3)先行词为数词或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。. 4)先行词被few, any, little，only, no ,all, one of ，the last 等修饰时，只用that. 5)先行词既有人，又有物时。 We were deeply impre