thesevenprinciples.docVIP

THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES The use of a technique is always dependent upon the application of a certain number of principles. This is what we call the instructions. One need not follow the rules recommended in such instructions. Indeed the product, device or system for which they were devised may well work even if they are not observed, but will do so less efficiently. Furthermore, the simpler the instructions, the more likely the user is to follow them. The same applies to note-taking. A few very simple principles give this system its sound base and precision, and make using it straightforward. There are seven of these principles; in order they are: 1 Noting the idea and not the word 2 The rules of abbreviation 3 Links 4 Negation 5 Adding emphasis 6 Verticality 7 Shift Some of these principles have already been explained by Jean Herbert in his Interpreter’s Handbook. 1. Noting the idea rather than the word Take any French text and give it to 10 excellent english translators. The result will be ten very well translated texts, but ten very different texts in as far as the actual words used are concerned. The fact that we have ten good translations, but ten different texts, shows that what is important is the translation of the idea and not the word. This is even truer of interpretation since the interpreter must produce a version of the text in another language immediately. He must be free of the often misleading constraints that words represent. It is through the analysis and notation of the ideas that the interpreter will avoid mistakes and a laboured delivery. Example: Let us take the following, from French into English: ?Il y a des fortes chances pour que/ There is a very good chance that...” If we base our notation of this expression on the words, the key word is chance. If we base it on the idea, it is probable. The notes will have to be read 20 minutes – even an hour – after the idea was originally expressed. In the first example it would be very eas