Ch4Linux系统程序设计进程控制和进程间通信.ppt

Ch4 Linux System Programming – Process IPC Jianjian SONG Software Institute, Nanjing University Oct, 2004 Content Process process environment Process Control Process identifier, fork, exec… Process relationship Signal Inter-process communication (IPC) Pipe, FIFO semaphore, shared memory, message queue Daemon Thread 1. Process Process Environment What is a process? Program and process Process: an address space with one or more threads executing within that address space, and the required system resources for those threads. (SUSv3) The startup of a process System call “fork” Process resources struct task_struct System space stack … System call “exec” The entry of C programs System stack The entry of C programs crt0.o cc/ld main function function prototype： int main(int argc, char *argv[]); The termination of a process Five ways of terminating a process Normal termination Return from “main” function Call “exit” function Call “_exit” function Abnormal termination Call “abort” function Terminated by a signal exit _exit functions Function prototype: #include stdlib.h void exit(int status); #include unistd.h void _exit(int status); Exit status Difference _exit is corresponding to a system call, while “exit” is a library function. _exit terminate a process immediately. Exit handler atexit function Register a function to be called at normal program termination. Prototype: #include stdlib.h int atexit(void (*function)(void)); on_exit function Example The memory map of a C program Text segment (code segment) Data segment Initialized data Uninitialized data Heap Stack Command line arguments main function int main(int argc, char *argv[]); Example: The implementation of echo(1) Command line option Standard usage getopt function getopt function Prototype: int getopt(int argc, char *const argv[], const char *optstring); extern char *optarg; extern int optind, opterr, optopt; Question： getopt(argc, argv, “if:lr”); Program example (P104, in BLP) Environment variables E