无线通信基础(双语)教学课件5.pptVIP

Predict the signal strength by considering also the terrain profile. This is more accurate than the statistical approach of log-distance path loss model, but has also more limited applications Most of such models are obtained from systematic interpretation of measurement data Their application is limited to similar environments Okumura Model Okumura-Hata Path Loss Model COST 231 Model Lee’s Path Loss Model One of the most common models for signal prediction in large urban macrocells Okumura used extensive measurements of base station-to-mobile signal attenuation throughout Tokyo to develop a set of curves giving median attenuation relative to free space of signal propagation in irregular terrain The Okumura model is restricted to the following range of parameters: The carrier frequency, [150, 1500]MHz Antenna heights of base station and mobile station, hb[30, 100]m The distance between the base station and mobile station, [1, 100]Km The path loss in dB is given by where is free space path lose is the median attenuation is the antenna height gain factor is the gain due to the type of environment The value of and obtained from Okumura’s empirical plots. Okumura derived empirical formulas for The Okumura model has a 10~14 dB empirical standard deviation between the path loss predicted by the model and the path loss associated with the measurements used to develop the model. Empirical formulation to match Okumura model Suitable for large cell The path loss is represented as a function of The carrier frequency, [150, 1500]MHz Antenna heights of base station and mobile station, hb[30, 200]m, hm[1, 10]m The distance between the base station and mobile station, [1, 20]Km The path loss in dB is given by where a(hm) is the correction factor for mobile antenna height, and is given by For a small and medium city For a large city fc=900MHz hb=50m hm=3m The Hata model was extended by the European cooperative for scientific and technical research