自动化专业英语全套课件.ppt

Unit 9 Relay A relays is an electrical switch that opens and closes under control of another electrical circuit. It is therefore connected to output pins of the microcontroller and used to turn on/off high-power devices such as motors, transformers, heaters, bulbs, antenna systems etc. These are almost always placed away from the board sensitive components (Figure 9-10). The figure 9-11 shows the solution specific to the 8051 microcontroller. A darlington transistor is used here to activate relays because of its high current gain. This is not in accordance with “rules”, but is necessary in the event that logic one activation is applied since the output current is then very low (pin acts as an input). Unit 9 In order to prevent the appearance of self-induction high voltage, caused by a sudden stop of current flow through the coil, an inverted polarized diode is connected in parallel to the coil. The purpose of this diode is to “cut off” the voltage peak. Light-emitting diode (LED) Light-emitting diodes are elements for light signalization in electronics. They are manufactured in different shapes, colors and sizes. They perform similar to common diodes with the difference that they emit light when current flows through them (Figure 9-12). It is important to limit their current; otherwise they will be permanently destroyed. For this reason, a conductor must be connected in parallel to an LED. In order to determine value of this conductor, it is necessary to know diode’s voltage drop in forward direction, which depends on what material a diode is made from and what color it is. Typical values of the most frequently used diodes are shown in Figure 9-13. Unit 9 LED displays Basically, an LED display is nothing more than several LEDs moulded in the same plastic case. There are many types of displays composed of several dozens of built in diodes which can display different symbols (Figure 9-14). Most commonly used is a so called 7-segment displa