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3 Dimensional Distinct Element Code User’s Guide 3dec 用户指南 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview 3DEC is a three-dimensional numerical program based on the distinct element method for discontinuum modeling. The basis for this program is the extensively tested numerical formulation used by the two-dimensional version, UDEC (Itasca 1996). 3DEC simulates the response of discontinuous media (such as a jointed rock mass) subjected to either static or dynamic loading. The discontinuous medium is represented as an assemblage of discrete blocks. The discontinuities are treated as boundary conditions between blocks; large displacements along discontinuities and rotations of blocks are allowed. Individual blocks behave as either rigid or deformable material. 3DEC是一个三维数值方案的基础上不连续建模的离散单元法。本方案的基础是广泛的测试数值制定的二维版本，UDEC（1996年艾塔斯卡）所使用的。 3DEC模拟不连续介质（如节理岩体）受到静态或动态负载响应。非连续介质离散块的组合作为代表。被视为块之间的边界条件的不连续性;块沿连续性和旋转的大位移是允许的。个别区块表现为刚性或变形的材料。 Deformable blocks are subdivided into a mesh of finite difference elements, and each element responds according to a prescribed linear or nonlinear stress-strain law. The relative motion of the discontinuities is also governed by linear or nonlinear force-displacement relations for movement in both the normal and shear directions. 3DEC has several built-in material behavior models, for both the intact blocks and the discontinuities, that permit the simulation of response representative of discontinuous geologic, or similar, materials. 3DEC is based on a “Lagrangian” calculation scheme that is well-suited to model the large movements and deformations of a blocky system. 变形块被分成一个网格的有限差分元素，每个根据订明的线性或非线性应力应变法元素响应。也是由正常和剪切方向运动的线性或非线性力 - 位移关系的相对运动的不连续性。 3DEC有几个内置的，材料的行为模式，完整的块和不连续性，允许响应代表的不连续的地质，或相似，材料模拟。 3DEC是基于一个“拉格朗日”计算计划，是非常适合模型的大动作和一个块状系统的变形。 The distinguishing features of 3DEC are summarized below. 3DEC的显着特征总结如下。 ? The rock mass is modeled as a 3D assemblage of rigid or deformable blocks. 岩体是仿照作为刚性或变形块的三维组合。 ? Discontinuities are regarded as