CH2-5ed物理层技巧.ppt

* * * * * * * * This is an example of the IEEE standard for100 base-TX. This protocol was defined to operate using two wire pairs (2), the same scheme as 10Baes-T to ensure backward compatibility of the physical layer. This is why you can purchase switchable 10Base-T / 100Base-T hubs and Network Interface Cards (NICs) came from. This standard created a new encoding scheme that would accomplish 100 million bps over the same transmission scheme. It required a higher fundamental frequency (80 MHz), and created a raw signal rate of 125 million symbols per second. The 25 million extra symbols per second where used to delimiters, synchronization and illegal codes. To accomplish the 125 Mbps, a multilevel binary signaling scheme was created. Lets look at it on the next slide * This compares the original NRZ signaling scheme to the MLT - 3 scheme used for 100Base-Tx. A technique where 3 voltage levels is used to smooth out the waveform for higher frequency rate signaling with either + or - voltage states for “1” bits. In the case of 100Base-Tx, the data is sent at a much higher frequency rate (80MHz). * * 1000Base-T uses an even more complicated signaling scheme seen on the slide and transmits this signaling over four pairs simultaneously to accomplish 1 gigabits of data transfer. This on a cable that is rated to 100 Mhz bandwidth! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * DMT 技术的频谱分布 … 频谱 频率 上行信道 传统电话 0 4 下行信道 … (kHz) ~40 ~138 ~1100 ADSL 的数据率 由于用户线的具体条件往往相差很大（距离、线径、受到相邻用户线的干扰程度等都不同），因此 ADSL 采用自适应调制技术使用户线能够传送尽可能高的数据率。 当 ADSL 启动时，用户线两端的 ADSL 调制解调器就测试可用的频率、各子信道受到的干扰情况，以及在每一个频率上测试信号的传输质量。 ADSL 不能保证固定的数据率。对于质量很差的用户线甚至无法开通 ADSL。 通常下行数据率在 32 kb/s 到 6.4 Mb/s 之间，而上行数据率在 32 kb/s 到 640 kb/s 之间。 ADSL 的组成 ATU-C ATU-C ATU-R ATU-C 用户线 电话 分离器 区域宽带网 至 ISP 居民家庭 基于 ADSL 的接入网 端局或远端站 DSLAM 至本地电话局 PS PS 数字用户线接入复用器 DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer) 接入端接单元 ATU (Access Termination Unit) ATU-C（C 代表端局 Central Office） ATU-R（R 代表远端 Remote） 电话分离器 PS (POTS Splitter)