激光绝对距离测量技术答案.ppt

只要选择较接近的两个波长,其合成波长λs将比原波长λ1和λ2大得多。 由距离的初测值,经过(5)式可以得出??_??。接下来只要通过分别读出两波长的干涉级小数部分??_1和??_2, 并把由(5)式得的??_??代入(4)式,就可以精确计算出距离且测量结果的精度不受初测精度的影响。 * * 1）使用不同的探测器在同一时刻测出相位差，这一点很难做到 2）合成波长越大，两个单波长的差值就越小，很难从技术上将 俩信号进行分离 3）又因为要分别测量单个波长的相位差，这就对每个波长的稳定提高了要求，而且波长越短，空气干扰的影响所对应的相位变化量也大 * 一种直接可测量合成波长相位的方法——超外差检测技术被提出，此方法降低了原始单波长的稳定度yaoqiu， 克服了一般外差系统中由于光学器件的非理想特性等原因，引起的测量信号耦合误差 * 可知I(t)分别为频率为v1和v1+ f1的光以及频率为v2和v2+ f2的光分别产生外差干涉，两外差信号在叠加形成的超外差信号 两外差信号的的相位φ1和φ2 与参考臂距离Z和测量臂距离L相关，且其中参考臂的引入的相位差 与 不变 * * 由式上式可知，只要求得φ1和φ2的相位差就可求的合成波长λs的相位变化，进而解算距离值L。 在实际测量过程中，在探测器后加入低通滤波器（LPF），对高频信号进行滤除，仅使拍频f2-f1,号通过滤波器， 相位值??可由信号 I(t)的相位测量直接得到 * 超外差干涉测量技术实现了合成波长相位的实时测量，避免了外差方案中对纵模信号的分别检测，从而克服了模耦合误差。 同时利用较低频率的外差信号即可获得合成波长的相位信息，降低了测相模块混频环节的技术难度。 * 接下来是倾角测量系统性能测试实验 * Optical distance measurements based on conventional fringe-counting interferometry achieve relative measurement uncertainties below 10?7 under well-controlled ambient conditions,but require fixed guidance and elongated measurement times. Various sophisticated methods [2–13] were developed in the past few decades to overcome the latter deficiency of fringe-counting interferometry,in the attempt to achieve absolute distance interferometry (ADI) without the necessity of fixed optical guidance and path. For distances distinctively below 1 m, relative measurement uncertainties down to 2 × 10?7 were reported [9,13]. In the case of longer absolute distances up to 25m, these “pure” approaches of ADI still achieved relative measurement uncertainties down to 1 × 10?6 The complexity of these systems, however, seems to prevent their practical use. More recently, hybrid designs of frequency sweeping and multiwavelength interferometry were proposed. Sesko et al. [14] demonstrated a relative uncertainty of 1 × 10?7 for 27 cm, while LeFloch et al. [15] still attained 3 × 10?6 for 10m. A realization of such a hybrid ADI is presented in this paper. It is, for what we believe is the first time, capable of measuring distances up to 20m with a relative uncert