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A unified model for the contact behaviour between equal and dissimilar elastic–plastic spherical bodies.pdf

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A unified model for the contact behaviour between equal and dissimilar elastic–plastic spherical bodies.pdf

International Journal of Solids and Structures 81 (2016) 23–32 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Solids and Structures journal homepage: /locate/ijsolstr A uni?ed model for the contact behaviour between equal and dissimilar elastic–plastic spherical bodies E. Olsson?, P.-L. Larsson KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Solid Mechanics, Teknikringen 8D, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden article info Article history: Received 23 June 2015 Revised 21 September 2015 Available online 19 October 2015 Keywords: Contact mechanics Force–displacement relations Elastic–plastic material Large deformations Discrete element method abstract A uni?ed method for calculating the contact force and the contact area between two dissimilar elastic-plastic spheres is presented with the aim of simulating granular materials using particle methods. Explicit equations are presented for the case when the plastic behaviour of the spheres is described with three material parameters. This makes the analysis applicable for a wide range of materials. The model is partly based on dimensionless quantities emerging from the Brinell hardness test. Large deformation of the contact is accounted for in the analysis, which allows for accurate contact relations up to indentation depths relevant for powder compaction. The presented model shows excellent agreement with ?nite element simulations of two spheres in contact and the results found in literature. An implementation of the contact model in Python is provided together with the online version of this paper. ? 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The mechanical problem of two deformable spheres in contact has gained increasing interest during the recent years due to, among other things, its importance in simulations of granular materials and ?attening of surface asperities. However, the ?rst study of the problem and, arguably, the onset of contact mechanics as a specialised research subject, is the pr