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Accurate estimation of mixing time in a direct contact boiling heat transfer process using statistical methods.pdf

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Accurate estimation of mixing time in a direct contact boiling heat transfer process using statistical methods.pdf

International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 75 (2016) 162–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer journal homepage: /locate/ichmt Accurate estimation of mixing time in a direct contact boiling heat transfer process using statistical methods☆ Jianxin Xu a,b,1, Qingtai Xiao a,b,1, Yu Fei c,?, Shibo Wang a, Junwei Huang d a State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China b Quality Development Institute, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China c School of Statistics and Mathematics, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, PR China d Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, PR China article info Available online 16 April 2016 Keywords: Direct contact heat transfer Mixing Betti number Three sigma Simulation abstract A novel method relying on image analysis and statistics is developed to estimate the mixing time accurately in a direct-contact heat exchanger. The critical point determination of pseudo homogeneous process impact on the accurate estimation of mixing time is investigated by proposed a three-sigma (3σ) method, which satis?es approximately normal distribution and exceeding the range of μ ? 3σ occurring twice. Quantitative comparisons of the mixing time are conducted with mean value method, slope method and standard deviation method. Results show that correlation degree and correlation coef?cient for the mixing time estimated by 3σ method give good agreement with the volumetric heat transfer coef?cient average. Additionally, quasi steady state is quanti?ed by time intervals between inhomogeneous time and mixing time. Experiments and simulations con?rmed that neglecting critical point could result in signi?cant errors in mixing time estimation. This method is capable of estimating the mix