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Deterministic solutions for contact force generated by impact of windborne debris.pdf

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Deterministic solutions for contact force generated by impact of windborne debris.pdf

International Journal of Impact Engineering 91 (2016) 126–141 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Impact Engineering journal homepage: /locate/ijimpeng Deterministic solutions for contact force generated by impact of windborne debris Shihara Perera a,*, Nelson Lam a, Mahil Pathirana a, Lihai Zhang a, Dong Ruan b, Emad Gad b a Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia b Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Vic. 3122, Australia ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 22 October 2015 Received in revised form 9 December 2015 Accepted 5 January 2016 Available online 19 January 2016 Keywords: Impact Windborne debris Contact force Dynamic compressive stiffness ABSTRACT Impact by windborne debris can cause severe and wide spread damage to building facades and other exposed installations. There is no clear guidance on how to estimate the amount of force generated by the impact of windborne debris when design codes of practices only provide estimates of the wind pressure. The model presented in this paper enables the value of the peak contact force generated by the impact of a piece of debris to be predicted. Results of calculations employing the derived relationships have been veri?ed by comparison with experimental results across a wide range of impact scenarios. Once the impact action has been quanti?ed the predicted impact force can be applied to the target in a quasi-static manner for predicting damage. ? 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction In extreme weather conditions such as windstorms, impact by debris has generated a great deal of damage to building facades. In addition to the effect of wind pressure [1], impact actions of storm debris should have been factored into the design of facades in exposed locations. In Australia, the damage bill of a windstorm can be up to tens of millions of dollars (e.g. a