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Improvements for the smooth joint contact model of the particle flow code and its applications.pdf

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Improvements for the smooth joint contact model of the particle flow code and its applications.pdf

Computers and Geotechnics 87 (2017) 163–177 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers and Geotechnics journal homepage: /locate/compgeo Research Paper Improvements for the smooth joint contact model of the particle ?ow code and its applications Mohammad Hadi Mehranpour, Pinnaduwa H.S.W. Kulatilake ? Rock Mass Modeling and Computational Rock Mechanics Laboratories, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA article info Article history: Received 15 December 2016 Received in revised form 13 February 2017 Accepted 16 February 2017 Keywords: Discrete element method Particle ?ow code Jointed rock mass modeling Smooth-joint contact model Anisotropic jointed rock mass behavior Joint normal stiffness abstract This paper deals with two shortcomings of the smooth-joint contact model (SJCM) used in the particle ?ow code (PFC). The ?rst shortcoming is the increase of the shear strength of the joint when the shear displacement of the joint exceeds a speci?c value that is related to the particle size. This problem is named as the interlocking problem, which is caused by the interlocking particles. It occurs due to a shortcoming of the updating procedure in the PFC software related to the contact conditions of the particles that lie around the intended joint plane during high shear displacements. This problem also increases the dilation angle and creates unwanted fractures around the intended joint plane. To solve this problem two new approaches are proposed in this paper: (1) joint plane checking (JPC) approach and (2) joint sides checking (JSC) approach. These approaches and the regular approach are used to model: (a) the direct shear test using the PFC2D and PFC3D, (b) the biaxial test on a sample having a persistent joint with a dip angle varying from 0° to 90° at an interval of 15° using the PFC2D and (c) the polyaxial test on two samples, one of them having a joint with a dip direction of 0° and the dip angle varying from 0° to 90° at an interval of 15°, and the