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Modelling the non-coaxiality of soils from the view of cross-anisotropy.pdf

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Modelling the non-coaxiality of soils from the view of cross-anisotropy.pdf

Computers and Geotechnics 86 (2017) 219–229 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Computers and Geotechnics journal homepage: /locate/compgeo Research Paper Modelling the non-coaxiality of soils from the view of cross-anisotropy Yu Tian, Yang-Ping Yao ? School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China article info Article history: Received 13 October 2016 Received in revised form 26 December 2016 Accepted 19 January 2017 Keywords: Non-coaxiality Soils Anisotropy Constitutive model Transformed stress abstract Material anisotropy is widely recognized as the fundamental reason that causes non-coaxiality between principal directions of stress and plastic strain increment. In order to model the non-coaxiality of soils from the view of cross-anisotropy, the anisotropic transformed stress method is introduced. By replacing the ordinary stress with the anisotropic transformed stress, and adopting a normal ?ow rule in the transformed stress space, non-coaxiality can be re?ected simply within the framework of conventional elastoplastic constitutive theory. As an example, the uni?ed hardening model is extended to be cross-anisotropic by this method, and then used to predict the non-coaxiality. ó 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction In the conventional elastoplastic constitutive theory, principal directions of plastic strain increment are assumed to be coaxial with principal directions of stress. This assumption is called postulate of coaxiality, which facilitates the development of constitutive models. However, the applicability of the postulate of coaxiality is challenged by an increasing number of tests on anisotropic soils. Early in 1970, Roscoe [1] indicated that during simple shear tests on Leighton Buzzard sand, principal axes of the strain increment did not coincide with those of stress before dilatancy. Using the directional shear cell, Wong and Arthur [2] found that if an inherently anisotropic sample w