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Non-destructive firmness assessment of apples using a non-contact laser excitation system based on a laser-induced plasma shock wave.pdf

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Non-destructive firmness assessment of apples using a non-contact laser excitation system based on a laser-induced plasma shock wave.pdf

Postharvest Biology and Technology 128 (2017) 11–17 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Postharvest Biology and Technology journal homepage: /locate/postharvbio Non-destructive ?rmness assessment of apples using a non-contact laser excitation system based on a laser-induced plasma shock wave Naoki Hosoyaa,*, Michiru Mishimab, Itsuro Kajiwarac, Shingo Maedaa a Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan b Division of Mechanical Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan c Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Hokkaido University, N13, W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received 20 June 2016 Received in revised form 23 January 2017 Accepted 26 January 2017 Available online xxx Keywords: Firmness Apple Non-destructive tests Laser-induced plasma shock wave Non-contact vibration tests ABSTRACT Various indexes have been used to assess the ripeness of fruit, including peel color and ?rmness because added value is given to fruit when grade selection is determined objectively. In this paper, we realize a non-destructive ?rmness assessment for apples by means of a non-contact vibration test method. We investigate their natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes because these factors in?uence the 0S2 mode, which is related to ?rmness. A laser-induced plasma shock wave generated with a high-output Nd: YAG pulsed laser is applied to apples as an excitation force. Firmness is assessed with this non-contact and non-destructive method using the apple’s vibration response spectra measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer. The effectiveness of this method is experimentally demonstrated through assessments of apples’ ?rmness, identi?cation of the vibration mode shapes, and a follow-up survey on the ?esh ?rmness of apples during storage. ? 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open acces