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Prediction of contact angle for hydrophobic surface fabricated with micro-machining based on minimum Gibbs free energy.pdf

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Prediction of contact angle for hydrophobic surface fabricated with micro-machining based on minimum Gibbs free energy.pdf

Applied Surface Science 364 (2016) 597–603 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Surface Science journal homepage: /locate/apsusc Prediction of contact angle for hydrophobic surface fabricated with micro-machining based on minimum Gibbs free energy Shi Zhenyu a,b, Liu Zhanqiang a,b,?, Song Hao a,b, Zhang Xianzhi c a School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China b Key Laboratory of High Ef?ciency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, PR China c School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kingston University, UK article info Article history: Received 18 September 2015 Received in revised form 23 December 2015 Accepted 25 December 2015 Available online 29 December 2015 Keywords: Hydrophobic surface Contact angle Energy method Micro-milling abstract When an interface exists between a liquid and a solid, the angle between the surface of the liquid and the outline of the contact surface is described as the contact angle. The size of the contact angle is the metrics of the hydrophobicity of the surface. The prediction of the contact angle has signi?cant effect on the design of hydrophobic surface and improvement of hydrophobicity. In this paper, a prediction model for contact angle has been proposed based on minimum Gibbs free energy. It considers the effects of unilateral force and area constraints of the droplets. The effect of micro-structural parameters on contact angle has also been investigated. Micro-milling experiments have been conducted to fabricate the hydrophobic surface in order to validate the predictive capability of the contact angle model. Results revealed that the established prediction model could estimate the contact angle of hydrophobic surface. The contact angle could be increased by increasing concave width or reducing convex. The outcome of this research will lead to new methodologies for preparing hydrophobic surfaces with micro-machining technology. ? 2016 Elsev