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Rolling contact fatigue in relation to rail grinding.pdf
Wear 356-357 (2016) 110–121
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Wear
journal homepage: /locate/wear
Rolling contact fatigue in relation to rail grinding
Micha?l Steenbergen n
Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Railway Engineering Group, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
article info
Article history: Received 26 November 2015 Received in revised form 14 March 2016 Accepted 16 March 2016 Available online 25 March 2016
Keywords: Rail grinding White etching layer (WEL) Rolling contact fatigue (RCF) Squat Rail spalling Residual stress
abstract
Spalling defects of a periodic nature are sometimes observed on heat-treated pearlitic steel rails. Defect properties suggest a relationship between maintenance grinding on a regular basis and the initiation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF). In this work, the effects of maintenance grinding are investigated experimentally for both standard and heat-treated pearlitic rails. Results show essentially different behaviour for both steels. On standard grades, friction-induced martensite (FIM) generated during grinding delaminates when in service. However, grinding induces severe top-layer deformation which coincides with that induced by train operation, thus yielding ‘pre-fatigue’ of the rail. On heat-treated grades, portions of FIM accumulated at groove edges during grinding are pressed into the deeper pearlitic matrix in combination with severe plastic deformation under tangential wheel–rail contact stresses. That process results in severe and extensive crack initiation. According to quantitative test results reported in the literature, this initial condition yields a reduction of the normal RCF life by roughly a factor nine, which is in accordance with both observations in the ?eld and in the literature on rail spalling defects.
2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Recently, an increase in the number of particular rail spalling defects has been noticed on t
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