Unit 3 looking good feel good“六步法”学定语从句.docVIP

科学高效定语从句 　　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）定语从句先行词被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词关系词（关系代词或关系副词）出先行词定语从句。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等关系副词有：when, where, why等定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词先行词关系词定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。定语从句先行词定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 第三步：介词宾语； 作介词宾语的关系代词有： whom, whose, which等1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。There are occasions on which one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place in which I was born.　北京是我的出生地。关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.　任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。　 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.　北京是我的出生地。关系副词1）when, where, why　 关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用，例如：　 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?　这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？2）that代替关系副词　 that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介词+ which引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：　 His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.　他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。　 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 限制性和非限制性定语从句 1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如：　　　This is the house which we bought last month.　　　这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）　　　The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：　　　Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。　　　My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。　　　This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：　　　He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。　　　Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。　关系副词where等典型例题　1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he　 答