常见的非谓语动词知识点总结.docVIP

非谓语动词①一个句子常不能出现两个做谓语的动词 ②非谓语动词即在句中不做谓语,但却具有部分动词的性质(接宾语或表语) ③ 分类 时间 意义 不定式 后时性 表将来一次性动作 也称动词 动名词 泛时性 概念性 v-ing形式 现在分词 也称动词 现时性 主动意义 过去分词 分词形式 完成性 被动意义 一、动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。否定式：not + (to) do ; 完成式to have done；进行式; to be doing; 1, 不定式的句法功能： (1)作主语: 常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后 常用句式有：①It+be+名词+to do; ②It takes sb. + some time +to do; ③ It + be+ 形容词 + of sb.(人的品质) / for sb. + to do; It is very hard for us to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. It is careless of you to make such a silly mistake. It’s necessary for you to treasure the time. (2)作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. (3)作宾语：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面 Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. We think it important to study hard. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English. He asked me what to do next. (4)作宾语补足语： He tells me to study hard. He asked me to sit down. (5)作定语：被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only等限定词时候，只能用不定式。 He is always the first to come and the last to go. What’s the next to do? She is the only girl to take part in the party. I have a meeting to attend. He found a good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. (6)作状语： ①表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. ②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果、意料之外)：常放在never, only后 　　He arrived late only to find the train had gone. I visited him only to find him out. The prisoner breaks prison two ti