6钙、镁、硫素与钙、镁硫肥试卷.ppt

作物种类：如茶树是典型的耐酸作物，不需施用石灰。水稻、甘薯、烟草等耐酸中等，要施用适量石灰。大麦等耐酸较差，要重视施用石灰。 土壤性质：土壤酸性强，活性铝、铁、锰的浓度高，质地粘重，耕作层厚时石灰用量适当多些。旱地的用量应高于水田。坡度大的上坡地要适当增加用量。 石灰肥料种类及其它条件：中和能力强的石灰或同时施用其他碱性肥料时可少施。降雨量多的地区用量应大些。撒施，中和全耕层或结合绿肥压青或稻草还田的用量大些。 Mg2+ is mobile in plants and deficiency always begins in the older leaves, then move to the younger leaves. Interveinal yellowing or Chlorosis（失绿） occurs and in extreme cases the areas become necrotic（坏死）. With cereals, the base of the leaf first shows small dark green spots, and becomes more chlorotic and striped. Necrosis occurs particularly at the tips of leaf. 镁缺乏症状 在中下部叶片有较明显的症状。 叶色褪淡，脉间失绿，呈清晰的绿色网状脉纹。 单子叶植物叶脉上有间断串珠状绿色斑块，双子叶植物叶片上有紫红色斑块。 植株缺镁：中下部叶脉间 失绿黄化 水 稻 黄 瓜 玉 米 水稻缺镁 果 树 缺 镁 柑 橘 缺 镁 葡 萄 苹 果 柑 桔 马铃薯缺镁 Inhibition of protein synthesis during sulfur deficiency leads to chlorosis, just as it does during N deficiency. ??Unlike N, however, S deficiency symptom occurs first in younger, most recently formed leaves: a light green or a light yellow or yellow . Plants are rigid, brittle and the stems remain thin. 硫缺乏症状 ? 植株发僵，新叶失绿黄化。 双子叶植物较老的叶片出现紫红色斑块。 开花和成熟期推迟，结实率低，籽粒不饱满。 豆科植物对缺硫敏感，苜蓿缺硫时，叶呈淡黄绿色，小叶比正常叶更直立，茎变红，分枝少；四季萝卜常作为鉴定土壤硫营养状况的指示植物； 缺硫使禾谷类植物籽粒半胱氨酸的含量下降，因此降低了面粉的烘烤质量。 水 稻 油 菜 植 物 缺 硫 茶树缺硫——茶黄病 苜蓿-分蘖减少，新叶呈浅黄绿色 S 玉米-起始叶脉间发黄，随后茎叶变红 S 高粱-叶脉间发黄，茎和叶缘变红 S 黄豆施硫 棉花-新叶发黄，叶柄变红 S 大豆-新叶持续呈淡黄色，整个植株变黄 S 莴苣-叶片发黄，植株小 S 小麦-有硫和无硫 S 番茄-叶脉间发黄，叶柄和茎部带红色 S 油菜-叶背变红 S 香蕉-缺硫叶片，中脉发黄 S Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in earth’s crust (approximately 3.64%) .Calcium occurs as divalent cation (Ca2+) in the solution and on the exchange site of soil colloids. The amount of exchangeable is at least 100 times the amount of Ca2+ in the soil solution. Lime can neutralize soil acid and eliminate the toxicity of Al, Fe, Mn Liming will create a suitable environment for plants growth on acid soils. Calcium and Lime 第二节 钙、镁、硫肥的种类、性质和施用 一、含钙肥料 (calcium fertilizers) （一）种类与性质 1. 石灰 (lime) —— 基肥 (1) 生石灰 (CaO) (raw lime or quicklime)：又称烧石灰，以石灰石、白云石及含碳酸钙丰富的贝壳等为原料，经过煅烧而成