《翻译入门理论与应用》笔记剖析.docx

Chapter 1Translation can refer to the general subject field, the product or the process.The process of translation between two different written languages involves the translator changing an original written text in the original verbal language into a written text in a different verbal language.Three categories of translation by the Russian-American structuralistRoman Jakobson1 intralingual translation语内翻译：Rewording, an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language;2 interlingual translation语际翻译: Translation proper*, an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language;3 intersemiotic translation语符翻译transmutation, an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems.History of the discipline1,From late eighteenth century to the 1960s: part of language learning methodologyTranslation workshop, comparative literature, contrastive analysis2,James S Holmes “the name and nature of translation studies” (founding statement for the field)3, 1970:Reiss: text typeReiss and Vermeer: text purpose(the skopos theory)Halliday: discourse analysis and systemic functional grammar4, 1980The manipulation school: descriptive approach, polysystem5, 1990Sherry Simon:Gender researchElse Vieira: Brazilian cannibalist schoolTejaswiniNiranjana: Postcolonial translation theoryLawrence Venuti: cultural-studies-oriented analysisHolmes’s map of translation studiesThe objectives of the pure areas of research:1, descriptive translation theory: the description of the phenomena of translation2, translation theory: the establishment of general principles to explain and predict such phenomenaPure: theoretical and descriptiveDTS: descriptive translation studies1, product-oriented DTS: existing translations, text(diachronic or synchronic)2, function-oriented DTS: the function of translations in the recipient sociocultural situation (socio-translation studies or cultural-studies-oriented translation)3, process-oriented DTS: the psycholog