英语单词的上下义关系教程.pptVIP

Hyponymy -----上下义关系 Outline Definition of hyponymy Superordinate and subordinate Use of superordinate and subordinate Some details out of the book Hyponymy 上下义关系 Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. Example Example Attention: Hyponymy can be describes in terms of tree-like graphs, with higher-order superordinates above the lower subordinate. Their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms. Tree-like graphs Trees surround the water near our summer place. Old elms surround the lake near our summer cabin. I met a writer who is the relation of a politician. I met a newspaper reporter who is the brother of Senator Buckley. Subordinates: concrete precise vivid Superordinate: general vague However, this does not mean that subordinate are better than superordinate. She likes dogs and other animals.There is no flower more beautiful than a rose.I like all fruits except bananas.She reads book all day –mostly novels. Distinction: Hyponymy and Meronymy Meronymy? [m?r?‘n?m?] n. the semantic relation that holds between a part and the whole 整体部分关系 1、the relationship between the whole and its membership 整体和成员之间的关系 e.g. 学生—— 小学生、中学生、大学生…... 车—— 轿车、客车、吉普车、卡车…... ★Hyponymy 构成上下义 2、the relationship between the whole and its component 整体与其构件的关系 e.g. 火车——车头、车厢、车尾…… 人——头、胳膊、手、脚…… ★部分代表不了整体，不能构成上下义关系 钢琴、小提琴、长笛——乐器 Musical instruments 钢笔、粉笔——笔 Pen chalk----没有对应的上义词 Attention: 词的上下义关系和词义表达的团体与成员或单位和部门的关系区别开 例：消防队——消防员 班级——学生 大学——系 医院——外科 ★不是上下义关系 Reference /view/cc16efeb102de2bd9605882e.html /p-989347530629.html /p-161101816645.html * * Hyponym (subordinate) 下义词 Hyperonym (superordinate) 上义词 rose lily tulip …… flower parrot sparrow oriole …… bird Living things creature