英语语法难点教程.docx

第一考点：16大时态英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)一般时进行时完成时完成进行时现在 study be studying have studied have been studying过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。一般现在时表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。习惯用语。经常性、习惯性动作。客观事实和普遍真理。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。现在进行时(be doing)现在完成时(have done)表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) didnt sell 　　B) sold 　　C) havent sold 　　D) would sell答案是C) havent sold。B) 表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。例：Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and?are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A) are to challenge 　　　　C) have been challengedB) may be challenged 　　　D) are challenging几个句型需要用完成时。在this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……句型里要求用完成时。例：This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.句型It is/ has been……since所使用的两种时态都正确。例：It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.?在no sooner than、hardly/ scarcely ……when、before、prior to等句型中，主句要求完成时。例：I havent met that professor prior to today.现在完成进行时(have been doing)用法：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。 例：We have been working on this project for over a month now.注意事项：与现在完成时相比，现在完成进行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里，动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现。例：It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right.A) had leaked 　　　 B) is leakingC) leaked 　　　　　D) has been leaking一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。B) 表示过去习惯性动作。特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型，本身表示的?? 就是过去时。C) 有时可代替一般现在时，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。过去完成时(had done)用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的：表示过去的过去的动作或状态。Until then, his family _________ from him for six months.A