曼昆微观经济学第一.pptVIP

Principles of Economics Third Edition by N. Gregory Mankiw Ten Principles of Economics Chapter 1 Economy. . . . . . The word economy comes from a Greek word for “one who manages a household.” Society and Scarce Resources: The management of society’s resources is important because resources are scarce. Scarcity means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have. 《十不足》 终日奔波只为饥，才得有食又思衣。 置下绫罗身上穿，抬头却嫌房屋低。 盖下高楼并大厦，床前缺少美貌妻。 娇妻美妾都娶下，又虑出门没马骑。 将钱买下高头马，马前马后少跟随。 家人招下数十个，有钱没势被人欺。 一铨铨到知县位，又说官小职位卑。 一攀攀到阁老位，每日思想要登基。 一朝南面会天子，又想神仙来下棋。 洞宾与他把棋下，又问那是上天梯。 上天梯子未做下，阎王发牌鬼来催。 若非此人大限到，上到天上还嫌低。 Economics Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. Economists study. . . How people make decisions. How people interact with each other. The forces and trends that affect the economy as a whole. Ten Principles of Economics People face tradeoffs. The cost of something is what you give up to get it. Rational people think at the margin. People respond to incentives. People face tradeoffs. “There is no such thing as a free lunch!” 1. People face tradeoffs. To get one thing, we usually have to give up another thing. Guns v. butter Food v. clothing Leisure time v. work Efficiency v. equity 1. People face tradeoffs. Efficiency means society gets the most that it can from its scarce resources. Equity means the benefits of those resources are distributed fairly among the members of society. 2. The cost of something is what you give up to get it. Decisions require comparing costs and benefits of alternatives. Whether to go to college or to work? Whether to study or go out on a date? Whether to go to class or sleep in? 2. The cost of something is what you give up to get it 2. The Cost of Something Is What You Give Up to Get It. LA Laker basketball star Kobe Bryant chose to skip college and go straight from high school to the pros where he has earned millions of dollars. 3. Rational people think at the m