关于超临界CO2萃取的综述.docxVIP

文 献 综 述 学生姓名： 专 业： 应用化学 学 号： 2015年 06 月 07 日 超临界CO2与DMF混合溶剂萃取 的研究及其应用 摘要：本文以煤的分级利用【1】为背景，将超临界二氧化碳(scCO2)与二甲基甲酞胺(DMF)作为混合溶剂，研究了萃取过程中超临界二氧化碳与有机溶剂之间的作用机理考察了萃取率、萃取物种类及含量、萃余煤渣的物理化学性质等特性。 (1)研究了超临界二氧化碳与二甲基甲酞胺混合溶剂对煤的萃取率，结果表明:一定体积比范围内，混合溶剂的萃取率大于超临界CO:与DMF纯溶剂的萃取率，且最大萃取率发生在体积比1:1处。压力的提高有利于萃取的进行，温度的升高使得萃取率先减小，后有增大的趋势。 (2)使用不同夹带剂与超临界二氧化碳混合对煤进行萃取【2】，研究了夹带剂和超临界二氧化碳在混合萃取过程中的作用以及萃取条件和煤种对萃取率的影响。结果表明:SCC02/N一甲基毗咯烷酮(NMP )混合溶剂一次萃取率低于纯NMP溶剂，但三次萃取率高于纯NMP溶剂萃取【3】。压力对SCC02/NMP混合溶剂萃取率影响不大，温度升高萃取率随之增大，但与超临界CO2:性质变化关系不大。 (3)研究了SCC02/NMP混合溶剂萃取物的活性官能团和微晶结构，结果表明:混合溶剂萃取对富含轻基及脂、酚、酮类等含氧物质选择性较好，超临界CO2:的加入增强了溶剂对含轻基物质的萃取效果，减弱了NMP纯溶剂对芳环结构和酚类、醚类等物质的萃取力。 关键词：超临界二氧化碳;夹带剂;N一甲基毗咯烷酮:萃取; Supercritical CO2 and DMF mixed solvent extraction Research and Application Abstract：This article is under the background of coal staged utilization. Two coal are extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (scC02) /dimethylformamide (DMF)mixed solvent. Study is focused on extraction yield, extracts types and contents, and residuescharacters. (1) Extraction yields of two coals with mixed solvent are studied. Results show thatextraction yields of mixed solvent are higher than those of pure scC02 and DMF solvent.Extraction yields increase with the increase of pressure, decrease at first and increase slightlylater with the enhancement in temperature. (2)Different co-solvent were used in the SCCO2 extraction of coals. The role ofsupercritical carbon dioxide and co-solvent was studied. Co-solvent with high extraction yieldwas chosen and effects of extraction condition and coal type on extraction yield in mixedsolvent were investigated. Result shows that with the addition of supercritical carbon dioxide,the one-time extraction yield of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) decreased, however, thethree-time extraction yield increased. The pressure affects little on extraction yeld of mixedsolvent. While with the increase of temperature, the extraction yeld incr