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西方经济学 必修课 3.0 Western Economics This course we mainly learn macroeconomics and microeconomics. Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of the entire economy. This includes a national, regional, or global economy. Measures of national income and output: to estimate total economic activity in a country or region, including gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), and net national income (NNI) ---The expenditure approach. It focuses on finding the total output of a nation by finding the total amount of money spent. [C = household consumption, I = gross private domestic investment, G = government consumption and gross investment, X = gross exports of goods and services, M = gross imports of goods and services] ---The income approach. It equates the total output of a nation to the total factor income received by people of the nation. National income = Compensation of employees + Net interest + Rental royalty income + Profit of firms + Income from self-employment + NFIA (net factor income from abroad). The IS/LM model (Investment Saving/Liquidity preference Money supply) is a macroeconomic tool that demonstrates the relationship between interest rates and real output in the goods and services market and the money market. Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behavior of how the individual modern household and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources. Demand curve: In economics, the demand curve is the graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity, and the amount of it that consumers are willing and able to purchase at that given price. Supply curve: A graph showing the hypothetical supply of a product or service that would be available at different price points. 财政学 必修课 3.0 Finance This course we mainly learn Public finance. Public finance is the revenue and expenditure of government. (1) efficient allocat