美国文学Edwards Franklin.ppt

Colonial America Edwards Franklin American Puritanism Restored to the “purity” John Calvin, French theologian Predestination Original sin total depravity Limited atonement (salvation of a few) As chosen people, they enjoy His blessings. The change of American character Tougher life in the West More practical and preoccupied with profits “A doctrinaire opportunist”空论机会主义： a movement of people, following the same religion, same reverence for the same God, and striving toward the goal of societal perfection (thus, idealism). Optimism The literary scene The Biblical myth of the Garden of Eden Perfect order courage confident hope Style：Diaries, histories, journals, letters, commonplace books, travel books, personal literature Content: Serving God or colonial expansion or both Form: English literary traditions Calvinism 加尔文主义 Calvinism 加尔文主义 Man was evil since the Fall and enslaved by sin. God was all and would love work for man’s salvation. All man could do was to worship the Almighty and hope. The “Great Awakening” (1730s-40s) is religious revivals. Jonathan Edwards Deism自然神论 Newton’s “Philosophic Naturalism principia Mathematics” Laws of motion universal gravitation万有引力 God is the creator, but He has left it to operate following natural law. The universe follows certain physical and mechanical laws. Alexander Pope, Daniel Defoe, Rousseau卢梭 Two-faceted tradition of American Puritanism Jonathan Edwards Religious idealism Calvinism加尔文主义 Puritan idealism Last medieval man The Middle Age Awe, prey and wait for God’s mercy and salvation Benjamin Franklin Common sense practice Deism自然神教 Puritan materialism Bringing the colonial era to a close The Age of Enlightenment Work hard for self-examination self-improvement Jonathan Edwards (1703-58) Edwards’s personal experience Born into a religious New England family Graduates from Yale with MA Becomes a minister Brings about the “Great Awakening” Dismisses from the office because of the religious controversy