InternationalLabourMovement,theILOACTRAV国际工运.pptVIP

International Labour Movement, the ILO ACTRAV国际工运，国际劳工组织和工人活动局 Objectives of this Session 本节目标 Origins of the TU Movement 工会运动起源 UK (1770 – 1850) – from agriculture to industry, Textiles, Coal and later Railways after 1847 英国(1770 – 1850) – 从农业到工业、纺织业、煤炭业直到1847年以后的铁路业 Exploitative work conditions – workers organising illegal (Combination Acts of 1799) – Tolpuddle Martyrs, Crafts Organisations Unions, GNCTU (1834), Chartist movement -NCA (1840) 受剥削的工作环境－结社权利非法(1799年的联合法案)－ 手工业者组织和工会－宪章运动 Origins of the TU Movement 工会运动起源 Post 1850s – Unions grew, Voting Rights achieved (1867), TUC estd 1868, Unions legalised by 1871 TU Act, in 1875, Employer Workmen Act, Factory Act in 1874 1850年代后期－工会成长，获得投票权。1868年英国职工大会成立。1875年通过工会法案。1874通过雇员和工人法案、工厂法案。 In continental Europe- Socialist movement gave rise to unions from 1880s onwards. 在欧洲大陆－1880年代的社会运动促进了工会的发展 Origins of African Labour Movement 欧洲工运起源 Transformation from agriculturists to wage labourers began in early 1900s – mining export of natural resources by colonial powers – led to development of mines, railroads, commercial farming processing plants 从1900开始农业劳动者开始向领取工资的工人转变－采矿和其他被殖民力量控制的自然资源的出口－导致了煤矿，铁路，商业种植和加工厂的发展。 1920s - Emergence of TUs in Tunisia, Zambia South Africa – to demand for end of slave-like conditions better wages – TUs considered illegal viciously crushed - 1920 年在突尼斯，赞比亚和南非出现了工会－要求结束农奴般的工作条件和更高的工资－但工会被认定是非法的并遭到敌视和压制 Origins of African Labour Movement 欧洲工运起源 WW II - a turning point – industrial activity stepped up – stimulated also the struggles against racism colonialism – ban on TUs lifted in 1940s by Britain 二战－转折点－产业活动兴起－也激励了反对种族主义和殖民主义的斗争－1940英国取消了对工会的限制 Post war: rise of communist - socialist movements, return of African soldiers support of European TUs strengthened labour movement in Africa – 1946 strike of 75,000 mine workers in SA – inspired TU struggles all over 战后：共产主义兴起－社会主义运动，回国的士兵和欧洲工会的支持都增强了非洲的劳工运动－1946年75000名南非的矿工罢工－激励了整体的工会运动 Origins of the TU Movement 工会运动起源 J