第十四章生命体征的评估与护理.ppt

Chapter 9 Cold and Heat Therapy Section Ⅰ Introduction Section Ⅱ Cold and Heat applications Section Ⅰ Introduction Concept of Cold and Heat Therapy Bodily Responses to Cold and Heat Therapy Factors Influencing the Effect of Cold and Heat Therapy Concept of Cold and Heat Therapy The Cold and Heat Therapy is a therapy method that utilizes substances, the temperature of which are lower or higher than the skin surface temperature, acting on the skin, to attain local and systemic treating effects. cold receptors （Krause小体): -- 真皮上层（乳头状层）,接受冷的迅息. Heat receptors （Ruffini’s小体): -- 真皮下层（网状层 ),接受热的迅息. 冷刺激 真皮上层 Krause小体 Bodily Responses to Cold and Heat Therapy Initial, or Primary Responses Physiological Responses Thermal Receptors Adaptation Secondary Responses Physiological Responses Thermal Receptors Adaptation Secondary Responses继发性效应 When the maximum therapeutic effect of the heat or cold application is achieved, the opposite effect begins. We call these phenomenon secondary responses. For example heat produces maximum vasodilation in 20 to 30 minutes; continuation of the application beyond 30 to 45 minutes brings tissue congestion, and the blood vessels then constricted. Factors Influencing the Effects of Cold and Heat Therapy Treatment method Size of the exposed body part Duration of application Prior skin temperature Environmental temperature Body part Individual tolerance Treatment method moist heat or cold dry heat or cold Environmental temperature When the environmental temperature is greater than or equal to the body temperature, conductive loss is inhibited. Body part The foot and palm of hand have thicker skin and are therefore less temperature-sensitive. Individual tolerance very old person----the sensitivity to heat or cold is decreased and therefore response to the heat and cold stimuli is retarded. Infants----have limited abilities to adapt to heat and cold because of their immature neurol