Unit 9 Social Movements of the 1960s.pptxVIP

Unit 9 Social Movements of the 1960s The 1960s The Civil Rights Movement The Anti-War Movement The Counter-Culture Movement The Feminist Movement Jim Crow Laws吉姆·克劳法 The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated命令，下令de jure[di? ?d???ri]天经地义的，有权利如此的racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a separate but equal status for African Americans. The separation in practice实际上（用来指与预期或据信已发生的事相反的实际情况） led to conditions that tended to be inferior to those provided for white Americans, systematizing a number of economic, educational and social disadvantages不利,劣势,短处. De jure segregation mainly applied to the Southern United States. Northern segregation was generally de facto〈拉〉实际上存在的, with patterns of segregation in housing enforced by covenants(有法律约束的)协议,盟约,公约, bank lending practices, and job discrimination, including discriminatory union practices for decades. Some examples of Jim Crow laws are the segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was also segregated. These Jim Crow Laws followed the 1800–1866 Black Codes黑人法典, Jim Crow Laws吉姆·克劳法 which had previously restricted the civil rights and civil liberties of African Americans with no pretense假装;矫饰;虚伪;做作of equality. State-sponsored school segregation was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education布朗诉托皮卡教育局案. Generally, the remaining Jim Crow laws were overruled（以更大的权力）否决；宣布…无效by the Civil Rights Act of 1964民权法案and the Voting Rights Act of 1965选举权法. Jim Crow Laws吉姆·克劳法 States wit