《Unit5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-Period 》3.pptVIP

Period 3　Grammar Writing 定语从句中关系副词与“介词＋关系代词”的用法 一、关系副词when，where，why的使用 引导定语从句的词，除关系代词外，还有关系副词when，where，why。 (1)when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词一般为表示时间的名词。 October 1st,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。 注意：有时尽管先行词是表示时间的名词，但如果定语从句中缺少的是主语或宾语，此时应使用关系代词。试比较： I will never forget the days that/which I spent in the countryside. I will never forget the days when I worked in the countryside. (2)where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词一般为表示地点的名词。 Everyone wants to visit the place where Zhou Enlai once worked. 大家都想参观周恩来曾经工作过的地方。 注意：where和when一样，在定语从句中只能充当状语；否则，必须换用关系代词。试比较： This is the factory where my father worked last year. This is the factory that/which my father visited last year. (3)why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般为reason。 The reason why she told a lie is unknown. 她为什么撒谎还不清楚。 We dont know the reason why they didnt attend the meeting. 我们不知道他们为什么没有参加会议。 再比较： The reason that/which he gave us was hard to accept. The reason why he was late for school is that he missed the first bus. 二．“介词＋关系代词”的用法 1．用法 关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间；为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 This is the room in which we lived last year.＝This is the room which we lived in last year. Whos the comrade whom you just shook hands with？＝Whos the comrade with whom you just shook hands? 2．注意事项 定语从句中“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词是which(指物)，whom(指人)。掌握这个结构的关键在于对介词的正确选择，要注意以下几个问题： (1)介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配。 The person to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.＝The person whom I spoke to just now is the manager that I told you about. 刚才跟我说话的那个人就是我和你谈起的那位经理。 (2)介词与定语从句中的形容词一起构成一种习惯性搭配。 The two things about which Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.＝The two things which Marx was not sure about were the grammar and some of the idioms of English. 马克思在语法和英语的某些习惯用语这两方面还是没有把握。 (3)介词和定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配。 The pen with which he was writing broke.＝The pen which he was writing with broke. 他写字用的那支钢笔坏了。 (4)表示“整体中的部分”或“所有关系”时，用介词of。 He paid th