13.3_Physical_Properties_of_Alcohols_Phe.pptVIP

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright?? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. * Chapter 13 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols 13.3Physical Properties of Alcohols,Phenols, and Ethers * Boiling Points of Alcohols Alcohols contain a strongly electronegative O in the OH groups form hydrogen bonds between alcohol molecules have higher boiling points than alkanes and ethers of similar mass * Boiling Points of Ethers Ethers have an O atom, but no H is attached cannot form hydrogen bonds between ether molecules have boiling points similar to alkanes of similar mass * Solubility of Alcohols and Ethers in Water Alcohols and ethers are more soluble in water than are alkanes because the oxygen atom hydrogen bonds with water. Alcohols with 1–4 C atoms are soluble, but alcohols with 5 or more C atoms are not. * Comparing Solubility and Boiling Points * Solubility of Phenol Phenol is soluble in water has a hydroxyl group that ionizes slightly (so is a weak acid) is corrosive and irritating to the skin + H2O + H3O+ * Learning Check Which compound would have the higher boiling point, ethyl methyl ether or 1-propanol? Explain. * Solution Which compound would have the higher boiling point, ethyl methyl ether or 1-propanol? Explain. 1-propanol would have the higher boiling point because alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds, but ether molecules cannot. * Learning Check Which compound would be more soluble in water, ethanol or 2-pentanol? Explain. * Solution Which compound would be more soluble in water, ethanol or 2-pentanol? Explain. Ethanol. An alcohol with two carbons in its chain is more soluble than one with 5 carbons. The longer alkyl chain diminishes the effect of the –OH group. * * * * * * * * * * General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Copyright?? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. * * * * * * * * * *